What Is Trench Mouth?
Trench mouth, also known as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), is a serious and painful gum infection that causes ulceration and tissue death (necrosis) in the gums. While it is not so common today—especially with modern oral hygiene—it remains a concern when oral health is neglected.
The name “trench mouth” originated during World War I, when soldiers in the trenches developed severe gum disease due to poor oral hygiene, stress, and inadequate nutrition.
What Causes Trench Mouth?
Trench mouth develops when harmful bacteria in the mouth grow out of control. This typically happens when:
- Oral hygiene is poor
- There is a high level of stress
- The immune system is compromised
- There is a history of smoking or poor nutrition
Bacteria such as fusobacteria and spirochetes are commonly involved in the infection.
Photo owned by The American Journal of Medicine
Symptoms of Trench Mouth
The symptoms of trench mouth often appear suddenly and worsen quickly. They include:
If left untreated, trench mouth can cause irreversible damage to the gums and underlying bone, and in rare cases, the infection can spread to other parts of the body.
Who Is at Risk?
While trench mouth is rare, certain factors can increase the risk:
- Poor oral hygiene
- High stress levels
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Poor diet and malnutrition
- A weakened immune system (due to illness, poor diet, or certain medications)
- Pre-existing gum disease (gingivitis)
How Is Trench Mouth Diagnosed?
Trench mouth is typically diagnosed during a clinical examination by a Periodontist—an expert in the diagnosis and treatment of gum disease. At Drs. Nicolas & Asp Centers, our Specialist Periodontists carefully assess the gums, check for ulcerations, and may carry out additional tests to rule out other conditions such as herpetic gingivostomatitis or other oral infections.
With early intervention, good oral hygiene, and by following your periodontist’s instructions, trench mouth can be effectively treated. Most patients begin to feel better within just a few days of starting treatment.
Treatment of Trench Mouth
Trench mouth requires prompt treatment to prevent complications. Treatment often includes:
- Debridement by a Specialist Periodontist – Thorough removal of plaque, tartar, and necrotic tissue under local anesthesia by a periodontal expert to reduce infection and promote healing.
- Antibiotics – Often prescribed to control the infection, especially if there is fever or swelling. Remember, consult your dentist and never self-medicate, as improper use of antibiotics can lead to resistance, delayed healing, or mask more serious underlying conditions.
- Pain management – Over-the-counter pain relievers may be recommended for comfort.
- Oral rinses – Antiseptic rinses (such as chlorhexidine) to reduce bacterial load.
- Improved oral hygiene – Gentle brushing and flossing, guided by your dentist.
In advanced cases, follow-up treatment and even surgery may be needed to restore damaged gum tissue.
Can Trench Mouth Be Prevented?
Yes, trench mouth is preventable. Key steps include:
When to See a Specialist Periodontist
If you or your child are experiencing painful, swollen, or bleeding gums, persistent bad breath, or ulcers in the mouth, it may be time to consult a Specialist Periodontist. At Drs. Nicolas & Asp Centers, our expert periodontists are trained in the diagnosis and treatment of complex gum conditions and oral infections. With advanced techniques and a compassionate approach, we ensure you receive the specialized care needed to restore and maintain optimal gum health.
Concerned About Your Gum Health?
Book an appointment today at one of our conveniently located centers across Dubai and get the care your smile deserves.
